“The introduction of the steam ferry, the omnibus, the commuter rail, the horsecar, the elevated railroad, and the cable car gave additional impetus to an exodus tat would turn cities “inside out” and inaugurate a new pattern of suburban affluence and center despair.” (20)

(Jackson, Kenneth T. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Print.)